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最新的 CEH v13 312-50v13 免費考試真題 (Q650-Q655):

問題 #650
During a red team assessment at Apex Technologies in Austin, ethical hacker Ryan tests whether employees can be tricked into disclosing sensitive data over the phone. He poses as a vendor requesting payment details and reaches out to several staff members. To evaluate defenses, the security team emphasizes that beyond general training, there is a practical step employees must apply in every interaction to avoid being deceived by such calls.
Which countermeasure should Apex Technologies prioritize to directly prevent this type of social engineering attempt?

答案：A

解題說明：
This scenario is a classic vishing (voice phishing) attempt: the attacker calls employees, impersonates a vendor, and tries to persuade them to disclose sensitive payment information. The most direct, practical countermeasure that employees can apply in every interaction is verifying the requester's identity before sharing any information. That means using a trusted verification method-such as calling back using an official number from an internal directory/vendor contract, confirming through a known manager or procurement channel, or following an established verification workflow-rather than trusting the caller ID, the caller's confidence, or claimed affiliation.
Option B is the best answer because it directly breaks the social engineering tactic being used: pretexting (posing as a vendor) relies on getting the victim to accept identity and urgency without validation. If employees consistently verify identity through independent channels, the attacker's pretext collapses and the request is denied or escalated. This is the most immediate control at the human decision point, where the data disclosure risk occurs.
Why the other choices are less direct:
Security awareness programs (A) are important, but the question asks for the practical step employees must apply in each interaction. Training supports the behavior; it is not the specific action that stops the call from succeeding.
Policies and procedures (C) provide governance and guidance, but the direct operational control during a phone call is still identity verification.
Two-factor authentication (D) protects login processes but does not prevent an employee from verbally disclosing payment details over the phone.
Therefore, the prioritized countermeasure is B. Employees must verify the identity of individuals requesting information.


問題 #651
Why are containers less secure than virtual machines?

答案：B

解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Containers share the same host operating system kernel, unlike VMs which run isolated kernels. This shared kernel increases the attack surface - a compromise in one container can potentially affect the entire host if kernel-level access is obtained.
From CEH v13 Courseware:
Module 14: Hacking Web Applications # Container Security
"Containers are less secure because they share the host kernel. Attackers compromising the container can exploit vulnerabilities in the shared OS." Reference: OWASP Container Security Guide
==


問題 #652
During a security penetration test at ABC Financial Services in Miami, Florida, on July 9, 2025, ethical hacker Javier Morales targets the company's online banking portal to assess its resilience. Over several hours, the portal's web server begins to falter, with legitimate users reporting inability to log in or complete transactions. The IT team notices the server is struggling to accept new connections, as its maximum connection limit is nearly reached, despite no significant spike in overall network traffic. Javier's controlled test, run from a secure system, logs interactions to simulate a real attack, aiming to evaluate the IT team's ability to identify the threat.
What DoS or DDoS attack technique is Javier's exercise primarily simulating?

答案：B

解題說明：
The symptoms point directly to a Slowloris attack, which CEH materials classify as an application-layer denial-of-service technique that targets web servers by exhausting their available concurrent connection slots rather than saturating bandwidth. In a Slowloris attack, the attacker opens many HTTP or HTTPS connections to the server and then keeps them alive as long as possible by sending partial, incomplete HTTP requests or very slow header transmissions at timed intervals. Because the requests are never fully completed, the server keeps the connections open, waiting for the remainder of the request. Over time, the server's maximum connection limit is consumed, and legitimate users cannot establish new sessions, even though overall network traffic may remain relatively low.
That exact pattern is described in the scenario: the server is "struggling to accept new connections," the
"maximum connection limit is nearly reached," and there is "no significant spike in overall network traffic." This is a classic indicator of low-and-slow DoS behavior, which can be harder to detect because it does not resemble a high-volume flood.
A SYN Flood attack can also exhaust connection resources, but it typically creates a large number of half- open TCP connections and is usually more apparent in network-level telemetry and SYN backlog behavior. A UDP Flood generally causes a noticeable traffic spike. "Peer-to-Peer Attack" describes a botnet architecture style, not the specific technique used here. Therefore, the attack being simulated is Slowloris.


問題 #653
An IT security team is conducting an internal review of security protocols in their organization to identify potential vulnerabilities. During their investigation, they encounter a suspicious program running on several computers. Further examination reveals that the program has been logging all user keystrokes. How can the security team confirm the type of program and what countermeasures should be taken to ensure the same attack does not occur in the future?

答案：D

解題說明：
A keylogger is a type of spyware that can record and steal consecutive keystrokes (and much more) that the user enters on a device. Keyloggers are a common tool for cybercriminals, who use them to capture passwords, credit card numbers, personal information, and other sensitive data. Keyloggers can be installed on a device through various methods, such as phishing emails, malicious downloads, or physical access. To confirm the type of program, the security team can use a web search tool, such as Bing, to look for keylogger programs and compare their features and behaviors with the suspicious program they encountered.
Alternatively, they can use a malware analysis tool, such as Malwarebytes, to scan and identify the program and its characteristics.
To prevent the same attack from occurring in the future, the security team should employ intrusion detection systems (IDS) and regularly update the system software. An IDS is a system that monitors network traffic and system activities for signs of malicious or unauthorized behavior, such as keylogger installation or communication. An IDS can alert the security team of any potential threats and help them respond accordingly. Regularly updating the system software can help patch any vulnerabilities or bugs that keyloggers may exploit to infect the device. Additionally, the security team should also remove the keylogger program from the affected computers and change any compromised passwords or credentials. References:
Keylogger | What is a Keylogger? How to protect yourself
How to Detect and Remove a Keylogger From Your Computer
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) What is a Keylogger? | Keystroke Logging Definition | Avast Keylogger Software: 11 Best Free to Use in 2023


問題 #654
The network in ABC company is using the network address 192.168.1.64 with mask 255.255.255.192. In the network the servers are in the addresses 192.168.1.122, 192.168.1.123 and 192.168.1.124. An attacker is trying to find those servers but he cannot see them in his scanning. The command he is using is: nmap
192.168.1.64/28.
Why he cannot see the servers?

答案：A

解題說明：
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnetwork
This is a fairly simple question. You must to understand what a subnet mask is and how it works.
A subnetwork or subnet is a logical subdivision of an IP network.The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting.
Computers that belong to the same subnet are addressed with an identical most-significant bit-group in their IP addresses. This results in the logical division of an IP address into two fields: the network number or routing prefix and the rest field or host identifier. The rest field is an identifier for a specific host or network interface.
The routing prefix may be expressed in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation written as the first address of a network, followed by a slash character (/), and ending with the bit-length of the prefix. For example, 198.51.100.0/24 is the prefix of the Internet Protocol version 4 network starting at the given address, having 24 bits allocated for the network prefix, and the remaining 8 bits reserved for host addressing.
Addresses in the range 198.51.100.0 to 198.51.100.255 belong to this network. The IPv6 address specification
2001:db8::/32 is a large address block with 296 addresses, having a 32-bit routing prefix.
For IPv4, a network may also be characterized by its subnet mask or netmask, which is the bitmask that when applied by a bitwise AND operation to any IP address in the network, yields the routing prefix. Subnet masks are also expressed in dot-decimal notation like an address. For example, 255.255.255.0 is the subnet mask for the prefix 198.51.100.0/24.
Table Description automatically generated


問題 #655
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